诸子学说与古代学术的子学经验——论诸子体系的他者生成

胡大雷

文史哲 ›› 2019, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (4) : 114-120.

PDF(1476 KB)
PDF(1476 KB)
文史哲 ›› 2019, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (4) : 114-120.
中国哲学研究

诸子学说与古代学术的子学经验——论诸子体系的他者生成

The Doctrines of Pre-Qin Philosophers and the Philosophical Experiences of Classical Academics: A Discussion of the System of Pre-Qin Philosophers Generated by Others

摘要

诸子各学派除了自我生成外,其体系的核心理论以及现实运用、实践性源头的论证等,还依赖庄子、荀子、吕不韦、刘安、司马谈、刘歆、班固等所构建,这是诸子学派的他者生成。使得诸子社会治理之学的主旨,有了哲学的理论形态。由此可知,古代学术的子学经验与学术愿景有这样一些特点:其一,对九流十家的概括是能够创建学派乃至建立学科的;其二,子学中心话语与多重话语两大形态为新的学术增长点的设立提供了机遇;其三,“诸子出于王官说”建立起古代以实践探求学术渊源的传统。胡适以“征验”之法提出“诸子不出于王官”,是以西方所谓纯哲学的观念来看待诸子之学的;而诸子之学本是社会治理之学,自然与王官政治有着承袭关系。

Abstract

Besides the narration and generation by their own, the various schools of pre-Qin philosophers also depend on construction by Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Lv Buwei, Liu An, Sima Tan, Liu Xin, Ban Gu, and others about problems such as the core theories as well as their practical use, argumentations of the practical origin, and so on, which can be called as “generation by others.” And the philosophers’ purports on social governance thus own the theoretical form of philosophy. It can be seen that the philosophical experience and academic vision of ancient academics has the following characteristics: the generalization of various schools could really establish schools and even disciplines; the core and multiple discourses of philosophy provide opportunities for new growth points of academics; and the theory “philosophers deriving from royal officials” established the tradition of seeking academic origin from practice. The idea that “philosphers not coming from royal officials” proposed by Hu Shi just judges the academics of the philosophers in a perspective of Western philosophy, while the academics of pre-Qin philosophers are learnings on social governance, which naturally inherited the politics of royal officials.

关键词

他者生成 / 体系 / 学术渊源 / 胡适 / 学术经验

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胡大雷. 诸子学说与古代学术的子学经验——论诸子体系的他者生成[J]. 文史哲, 2019, 0(4): 114-120
Hu Dalei. The Doctrines of Pre-Qin Philosophers and the Philosophical Experiences of Classical Academics: A Discussion of the System of Pre-Qin Philosophers Generated by Others[J]. Journal of Literature,History & Philosophy, 2019, 0(4): 114-120
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